“राघवयादवीयम्” एक अद्भुत ग्रंथ

 

“राघवयादवीयम्” एक अद्भुत ग्रंथ

कांचीपुरम के 17वीं शती के कवि वेंकटाध्वरि, जिनको अरसनपलै वेंकटाचार्य के नाम से भी जाना जाता है, द्वारा रचित ग्रंथ ‘राघवयादवीयम्’ एक अद्भुत ग्रंथ है। इस को ‘अनुलोम-विलोम काव्य’ भी कहा जाता है। इसको पढ़ कर रचनाकार की संस्कृत की गहन जानकारी, भाषा पर आधिपत्य, अपने विषय में निपुणता और कार्यपटुता का एहसास हो जाता है। इस तरह की रचना कोई महा विद्वान और ज्ञानी विज्ञ ही कर सकता है। इस  इस ग्रंथ की विशेषता और अद्भुत खासियत यह है कि इसमें के 30 श्लोकों को अगर सीधे-सीधे पढ़ते जाएं, तो रामकथा बनती है, पर उन्हीं श्लोकों को उल्टा यानी विपरीत क्रम में पढ़ने पर वह कृष्ण-कथा बन जाती है। वैसे तो इस ग्रंथ में केवल 30 श्लोक हैं, लेकिन विपरीत क्रम के 30 श्लोकों को भी जोड़ लेने से  60 श्लोक हो जाते हैं। पुस्तक के नाम, राघवयादवीयम, से ही यह प्रदर्शित होता है कि यह राघव (राम) और यादव (कृष्ण) के चरित को बताने वाली गाथा है । 

 उदाहरण स्वरुप पुस्तक का पहला श्लोक हैः-

अनुलोम :

वंदेऽहं देवं तं श्रीतं रन्तारं कालं भासा यः । 

रामो रामाधीराप्यागो लीलामारायोध्ये वासे ॥ 1 ॥

अर्थातः मैं उन भगवान श्रीराम के चरणों में प्रणाम करता हूं जो जिनके ह्रदय में सीताजी रहती है तथा जिन्होंनेअपनी पत्नी सीता के लिए सहयाद्री की पहाड़ियों से होते हुए लंका जाकर रावण का वध किया तथा वनवास पूरा कर अयोध्या वापिस लौटे। 

विलोम :

सेवाध्येयो रामालाली गोप्याराधी भारामोराः ।

यस्साभालंकारं तारं तं श्रीतं वन्देऽहं देवम् ॥ 1 ॥

अर्थातः मैं रूक्मिणी तथा गोपियों के पूज्य भगवान श्रीकृष्ण के चरणों में प्रणाम करता हूं जो सदा ही मां लक्ष्मी के साथ विराजमान है तथा जिनकी शोभा समस्त जवाहरातों की शोभा हर लेती है। 

इस ग्रंथ की रचना महान काव्यशास्त्री श्री वेंकटाध्वरि के द्वारा की गयी थी। जिनका जन्म कांचीपुरम के निकट अरसनपलै नाम के ग्राम में हुआ था। बचपन में ही दृष्टि दोष से बाधित होने के बावजूद वे मेधावी व
कुशाग्र बुद्धि के धनी थे। उन्होंने वेदान्त देशिक का, जिन्हें वेंकटनाथ (1269–1370) के नाम से भी जाना जाता है  तथा जिनकी “पादुका सहस्रम्” नामक रचना चित्रकाव्य की अनुपम् भेंट है, अनुयायी बन काव्यशास्त्र में महारत हासिल कर 14 ग्रन्थों की रचना की, जिनमें ‘लक्ष्मीसहस्रम्’ सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण है। ऐसा कहते हैं कि इस ग्रंथ की रचना पूर्ण होते ही उनकी दृष्टि उन्हें वापस प्राप्त हो गयी थी। उनके विषय में अभी विस्तृत जानकारी उपलब्ध नहीं है पर खोज जारी है। 

“राघवयादवीयम्” एक ऐसा ग्रंथ है जिसका दुनिया-जहान में कोई जोड़ या जवाब नहीं है। इसके रचनाकार को शत-शत प्रणाम। आज कुछ विदेश-परस्त, तथाकथित विद्वान संस्कृत को एक मरती हुई भाषा के रूप में प्रचारित कर अपने आप को अति आधुनिक सिद्ध करने में 
प्रयास-रत हैं। क्या कभी उन्होंने ऐसे अद्भुत ग्रंथों के बारे में सुना भी है? ऐसे लोग एक बार इसका अवलोकन करें और फिर बताएं कि क्या ऐसा कुछ अंग्रेजी में रचा जा सकता है ? 

आज जरुरत है इस तरह की अद्भुत रचनाओं को अवाम के सामने लाने की जिससे समस्त भाषाओं की जननी संस्कृत की विलक्षणता से सभी परिचित हो सकें, उसके महत्व को समझ सकें, उसकी सक्षमता से परिचित हो सकें। आज इसका अंग्रेजी में भी अनुवाद उपलब्ध है।   

राघवयादवीयम् रामस्तोत्राणि
अनुलोम : रामकथा	विलोम : कृष्णकथा
वंदेऽहं देवं तं श्रीतं रन्तारं कालं भासा यः । रामो रामाधीराप्यागो लीलामारायोध्ये वासे ॥1॥	सेवाध्येयो रामालाली गोप्याराधी भारामोराः । यस्साभालंकारं तारं तं श्रीतं वन्देऽहं देवम् ॥1॥
साकेताख्या ज्यायामासीद्याविप्रादीप्तार्याधारा । पूराजीतादेवाद्याविश्वासाग्र्यासावाशारावा ॥2॥	वाराशावासाग्र्या साश्वाविद्यावादेताजीरापूः । राधार्यप्ता दीप्राविद्यासीमायाज्याख्याताकेसा ॥2।।
कामभारस्स्थलसारश्रीसौधासौघनवापिका । सारसारवपीनासरागाकारसुभूरुभूः ॥3॥	भूरिभूसुरकागारासनापीवरसारसा । कापिवानघसौधासौ श्रीरसालस्थभामका ॥3॥
रामधामसमानेनमागोरोधनमासताम् । नामहामक्षररसं ताराभास्तु न वेद या ॥4॥	यादवेनस्तुभारातासंररक्षमहामनाः । तां समानधरोगोमाननेमासमधामराः ॥4॥
यन् गाधेयो योगी रागी वैताने सौम्ये सौख्येसौ । तं ख्यातं शीतं स्फीतं भीमानामाश्रीहाता त्रातम् ॥5॥	तं त्राताहाश्रीमानामाभीतं स्फीत्तं शीतं ख्यातं । सौख्ये सौम्येसौ नेता वै गीरागीयो योधेगायन् ॥5॥
मारमं सुकुमाराभं रसाजापनृताश्रितं । काविरामदलापागोसमावामतरानते ॥6॥	तेन रातमवामास गोपालादमराविका । तं श्रितानृपजासारंभ रामाकुसुमं रमा ॥6॥
रामनामा सदा खेदभावे दया-वानतापीनतेजारिपावनते । कादिमोदासहातास्वभासारसा-मेसुगोरेणुकागात्रजे भूरुमे ॥7॥	मेरुभूजेत्रगाकाणुरेगोसुमे-सारसा भास्वताहासदामोदिका । तेन वा पारिजातेन पीता नवायादवे भादखेदासमानामरा ॥7॥
सारसासमधाताक्षिभूम्नाधामसु सीतया । साध्वसाविहरेमेक्षेम्यरमासुरसारहा ॥8॥	हारसारसुमारम्यक्षेमेरेहविसाध्वसा । यातसीसुमधाम्नाभूक्षिताधामससारसा ॥8॥
सागसाभरतायेभमाभातामन्युमत्तया । सात्रमध्यमयातापेपोतायाधिगतारसा ॥9॥	सारतागधियातापोपेतायामध्यमत्रसा । यात्तमन्युमताभामा भयेतारभसागसा ॥9॥
तानवादपकोमाभारामेकाननदाससा । यालतावृद्धसेवाकाकैकेयीमहदाहह ॥10॥	हहदाहमयीकेकैकावासेद्ध्वृतालया । सासदाननकामेराभामाकोपदवानता ॥10॥
वरमानदसत्यासह्रीतपित्रादरादहो । भास्वरस्थिरधीरोपहारोरावनगाम्यसौ ॥11॥	सौम्यगानवरारोहापरोधीरस्स्थिरस्वभाः । होदरादत्रापितह्रीसत्यासदनमारवा ॥11॥
यानयानघधीतादा रसायास्तनयादवे । सागताहिवियाताह्रीसतापानकिलोनभा ॥ 12॥	भानलोकिनपातासह्रीतायाविहितागसा । वेदयानस्तयासारदाताधीघनयानया ॥ 12॥
रागिराधुतिगर्वादारदाहोमहसाहह । यानगातभरद्वाजमायासीदमगाहिनः ॥ 13॥	नोहिगामदसीयामाजद्वारभतगानया । हह साहमहोदारदार्वागतिधुरागिरा ॥ 13॥
यातुराजिदभाभारं द्यां वमारुतगन्धगम् । सोगमारपदं यक्षतुंगाभोनघयात्रया ॥ 14॥	यात्रयाघनभोगातुं क्षयदं परमागसः । गन्धगंतरुमावद्यं रंभाभादजिरा तु या ॥ 14॥
दण्डकां प्रदमोराजाल्याहतामयकारिहा । ससमानवतानेनोभोग्याभोनतदासन ॥ 15॥	नसदातनभोग्याभो नोनेतावनमास सः । हारिकायमताहल्याजारामोदप्रकाण्डदम् ॥ 15॥
सोरमारदनज्ञानोवेदेराकण्ठकुंभजम् । तं द्रुसारपटोनागानानादोषविराधहा ॥ 16॥	हाधराविषदोनानागानाटोपरसाद्रुतम् । जम्भकुण्ठकरादेवेनोज्ञानदरमारसः ॥ 16॥
सागमाकरपाताहाकंकेनावनतोहिसः । न समानर्दमारामालंकाराजस्वसा रतम् ॥ 17॥	तं रसास्वजराकालंमारामार्दनमासन । सहितोनवनाकेकं हातापारकमागसा ॥ 17॥
तां स गोरमदोश्रीदो विग्रामसदरोतत । वैरमासपलाहारा विनासा रविवंशके ॥ 18॥	केशवं विरसानाविराहालापसमारवैः । ततरोदसमग्राविदोश्रीदोमरगोसताम् ॥ 18॥
गोद्युगोमस्वमायोभूदश्रीगखरसेनया । सहसाहवधारोविकलोराजदरातिहा ॥ 19॥	हातिरादजरालोकविरोधावहसाहस । यानसेरखगश्रीद भूयोमास्वमगोद्युगः ॥ 19॥
हतपापचयेहेयो लंकेशोयमसारधीः । राजिराविरतेरापोहाहाहंग्रहमारघः ॥ 20॥	घोरमाहग्रहंहाहापोरातेरविराजिराः । धीरसामयशोकेलं यो हेये च पपात ह ॥ 20॥
ताटकेयलवादेनोहारीहारिगिरासमः । हासहायजनासीतानाप्तेनादमनाभुवि ॥ 21॥	विभुनामदनाप्तेनातासीनाजयहासहा । ससरागिरिहारीहानोदेवालयकेटता ॥ 21॥
भारमाकुदशाकेनाशराधीकुहकेनहा । चारुधीवनपालोक्या वैदेहीमहिताहृता ॥ 22॥	ताहृताहिमहीदेव्यैक्यालोपानवधीरुचा । हानकेहकुधीराशानाकेशादकुमारभाः ॥ 22॥
हारितोयदभोरामावियोगेनघवायुजः । तंरुमामहितोपेतामोदोसारज्ञरामयः ॥ 23॥	योमराज्ञरसादोमोतापेतोहिममारुतम् । जोयुवाघनगेयोविमाराभोदयतोरिहा ॥ 23॥
भानुभानुतभावामासदामोदपरोहतं । तंहतामरसाभक्षोतिराताकृतवासविम् ॥ 24॥	विंसवातकृतारातिक्षोभासारमताहतं । तं हरोपदमोदासमावाभातनुभानुभाः ॥ 24॥
हंसजारुद्धबलजापरोदारसुभाजिनि । राजिरावणरक्षोरविघातायरमारयम् ॥ 25॥	यं रमारयताघाविरक्षोरणवराजिरा । निजभासुरदारोपजालबद्धरुजासहम् ॥ 25॥
सागरातिगमाभातिनाकेशोसुरमासहः । तंसमारुतजंगोप्ताभादासाद्यगतोगजम् ॥ 26॥	जंगतोगद्यसादाभाप्तागोजंतरुमासतं । हस्समारसुशोकेनातिभामागतिरागसा ॥ 26॥
वीरवानरसेनस्य त्राताभादवता हि सः । तोयधावरिगोयादस्ययतोनवसेतुना ॥ 27॥	नातुसेवनतोयस्यदयागोरिवधायतः । सहितावदभातात्रास्यनसेरनवारवी ॥ 28॥
हारिसाहसलंकेनासुभेदीमहितोहिसः । चारुभूतनुजोरामोरमाराधयदार्तिहा ॥ 28॥	हार्तिदायधरामारमोराजोनुतभूरुचा । सहितोहिमदीभेसुनाकेलंसहसारिहा ॥ 28॥
नालिकेरसुभाकारागारासौसुरसापिका । रावणारिक्षमेरापूराभेजे हि ननामुना ॥ 29॥	नामुनानहिजेभेरापूरामेक्षरिणावरा । कापिसारसुसौरागाराकाभासुरकेलिना ॥ 29॥
साग्र्यतामरसागारामक्षामाघनभारगौः ॥ निजदेपरजित्यास श्रीरामे सुगराजभा ॥ 30॥	भाजरागसुमेराश्रीसत्याजिरपदेजनि । गौरभानघमाक्षामरागासारमताग्र्यसा ॥ 30॥

 

कृपया यदि अपना वक्त निकालें और उपरोक्त श्लोकों को गौर से अवलोकन करें तो पायेंगे ऐसा दुनियां में कहीं भी नहीं इसे कंठस्थ करने और नित्य संध्या काल में उच्चारित करने से कष्ट निवारण और भगवान नारायण की चरण शरण की प्राप्ति होती है ।

RAM NAVMI SPECIAL:The Unsung Heroes of Ramayana

 The Unsung Heroes of Ramayana

Om Shri Ramaya Namah

Shri Ram, Jay Ram, Jay-Jay Ram

Om Dasharathaye Vidmahe Sitavallabhaya Dheemahi, Tanno Rama Prachodayat

 

Ram Navami, is looked upon as an important Hindu Festival, and a celebration to honor the birth of Lord Ram, the seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu. Ramayana, one of the greatest epics of 24,000 verses, has widely travelled, transformed, translated, and lived throughout eternity.

There are many characters in Ramayana who played a remarkable role but remain hidden in the pages. We all know about Rama, Lakshman, Bharat, Dashrath, Kaikeyi, Kaushayla, Sumitra, Manthra, Sita, Ravana, Kumbhakaran, Vibhishana, Sugriva, Hanuman, etc. Here’s a look at some of the lesser-known characters and their roles in the ‘Ramayana’.

Kewat

Kewat was a boatman who had great devotion towards Lord Rama. Once during Rama’s exile, he had to cross the river Ganga, for which Kewat was the right person. But Kewat insisted that he will first wash Lord Rama’s feet and then let him step in his boat. He then ferried Rama, Lakshmana and Sita across the river Ganga. When they reached the bank Lord Rama offered a ring but Kewat refused. Kewat answered “Lord, both of us do the same work. I ferry people from this bank of the Ganges to the other. You ferry people across the ocean of Sansaara (Bhav-sagar), through the journey of life. How can I accept payment from you? Lord! But please, when my time comes, take me across sansaar Sagar (the ocean of life). That would be your return to me.”

Shabari

Shabari was a great devotee of Lord Rama since her childhood days. She was born in a tribal family but later took shelter in Rishi Matang’s ashram and served there with a pure dedicated heart. Rishi Matang during his last days blessed her that one day Lord Rama will himself visit her.

After that she waited for Rama every day, cleaned her cottage, decorated it with flowers and plucked berry fruits to welcome him. One day her wait was over and Lord Rama visited her ashram. It was a moment of great joy for her and she washed his feet with water.

Then she offered berry fruits to him, tasting each berry and gave Rama only the ones which were sweet. Rama happily ate them looking at her honest devotion. He then explained to Lakshmana that being offered with true devotion, nothing could be as valuable as those berries. She reached the highest levels of spirituality which are difficult even for the sages to achieve.

Urmila

According to Ramayana, Urmila was married to Lakshmana. Rabindranath Tagore has very appropriately classified Urmila as one of the forgotten heroines of Indian literature. Her greatness is as worthy as that of Sita and she also fits in the frame of an ideal wife. She spent 14 years away from her husband understanding the fact that Lakshmana couldn’t stay away from Rama and nor can he take her along with him to the exile.

It is also written that Lakshmana did not sleep for fourteen years. So, some versions of the story also say that Goddess of Sleep (Nidra Devi) had asked Lakshmana that someone has to sleep instead of him. When Nidra Devi approached Urmila, she agreed to sleep for the next 14 years. It is also said that she was the only person who opposed when Rama decided to send Sita to forest.

Marich

Marich was a Demon (Rakshas), son of the Sund and Tadka. Subahu’s brother Marich was also Demon-King Ravan’s uncle. Proud of their powers Marich and Subahu used to distress sages disturbing them in their Havan, Poojan or other holy activities. Lord Rama and Lakshmana swept the two off their feet and in the battle field, Subahu was killed. Later, Marich acquired the form of ‘Golden Deer’ and went to Rama-Sita’s hermitage, lured Lady Sita with its appearance so much that she asked Lord Rama to catch it for her.

Jatayu

Jatayu, king of the vultures and Dasharatha’s friend was a Noble Bird and played a very important role. He fought heroically to save Lady Sita when Ravana was trying to abduct her using ‘Pushpaka Vimana’ in Rama and Lakshmana’s absence. The great ranger of the sky dashed in wrath against Ravana and tried his best to stop him. During the fight Ravana shot off one of his wings, but he still continued to fight with the other one. When his other wing was cut-off, he fell down on earth, wounded. It was through him that Rama came to know about Sita’s kidnapping.

Jambavan

Jambavan the king of bears, a respected, intelligent and experienced character who helped Rama in finding his wife Sita and winning the battle against Ravana. Previously the advisor of Sugriva, he was an important guide at every step during the Sita’s search mission as well as throughout the battle. Jambavan suggested Hanuman to go to Lanka by crossing the ocean and look for Sita. He also reminded Hanuman of his power by narrating Hanuman’s birth story. 

Sampati

Sampati was Jatayu’s elder brother and played an instrumental role in Sita’s search. Once Sampati and Jatayu flew higher towards the Sun until they realized that it was extremely hot. Sampati shielded his younger brother by protecting him under his wings. That incident burnt his wings and he lived a sad flightless life. When Rama, Lakshmana and Hanuman along with the army of monkeys were searching for Sita. Sampati informed them that Sita was in Lanka, which was 100 Yojans away from their location. The army rejoiced at the news and started preparing to march towards Lanka.

Angad

Angad was the son of Vanara-Raj (Monkey King) Bali and his wife Tara. He was Sugriva’s nephew and became his stepson after the death of Bali. He received great respect and loyalty from Vanara-Sena (Monkey Army). Sugriva assigned him the task of searching for Lady Sita in the southern parts. He was also sent as an envoy to Ravana’s court just before the war to advise Ravana to seek peaceful solution and to return Sita to Rama’s care. Ravana did not agree instead he tried to harm Angad, but so Angad’s strength that no one from Lanka (including Ravana) could even move his feet from his place. During the Rama-Ravana Yuddha (Battle), Angad headed the monkey army. He fought ferociously during the Battle and killed many Rakshas including Ravana’s commander Akampan.

Nala-Neela

Nala and Neela are Vanaras (monkeys) who are credited the construction and engineering of the Rama Setu from Rameswaram in India to Lanka (modern-day Sri Lanka), so that the Rama’s Sena (Army) could cross the river and reach on Lanka to rescue Sita. Nala had exceptional architectural skills being the son of Vishwakarma – the architect of Gods and many versions of Ramayana credit the construction of the bridge solely to him. But Ramcharitra Manas credits both the brothers for the architecting and building the bridge with help of Vanara Sena.

Garuda

Garuda is regarded as the king of birds in many Hindu Mythological Epics including Ramayana and is also known to be vehicle of Lord Vishnu. In Yuddha Kanda, when Meghanāda bounded Rama and Lakshmana with Naag-Paash (deadly noose of the serpent), Garuda heroically appeared in the sky flocking his enormous wings. He freed them from the snake-noose by loosening the deadly hold of serpents. Seeing Rama and Lakshmana heal from the toxic attack everyone present around took a breath of relief.

 Ramayana has many noble yet hidden characters and if every single character was described in detail, then the book would had been endless. The deeper we dig, the more we get to know. Whether myth or history, one can thus hardly ignore the sheer strength of faith.

 In the end, Rama means ‘bliss’ signifying the happiness that Lord Ram bestows on all those who remember and worship him. Lord Sri Ram was said to be born on earth to instill the lost glory in humanity, annihilate the evil, and protect the innocent. Let us also learn more from history, about humanity, apply them in real life, try and follow Ram’s footsteps.